Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide based on the ACTH(4-7) sequence with a Pro-Gly-Pro extension. It was developed at the Institute of Molecular Genetics in Moscow and has been studied for neurological and cognitive applications since the 1980s. It is registered as a drug in Russia and Ukraine for treatment of stroke and cognitive impairment, giving it an unusual regulatory history for a research peptide.
BDNF and NGF Upregulation
The most consistent and replicated finding in Semax research is its ability to upregulate BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and NGF (nerve growth factor). These neurotrophins are essential for neuronal survival, differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. The magnitude of BDNF upregulation reported in Semax studies is substantial, making it one of the more studied peptides specifically for neurotrophin modulation.
Stroke and Ischemia Research
Semax has been most extensively studied in stroke and brain ischemia models. Animal studies have consistently shown reduced infarct size, improved behavioral outcomes, and faster neurological recovery in ischemia models treated with Semax compared to controls. These findings led to its clinical adoption in Russia for ischemic stroke support, providing a larger human dataset than most research peptides possess.
Dopamine and Serotonin System Research
Semax modulates dopaminergic activity, with research documenting increased dopamine turnover in prefrontal cortex regions. This mechanism is distinct from direct receptor agonism and is associated with the attentional and motivational effects reported in cognitive research. Serotonergic effects have also been documented, though these are less consistently studied than BDNF upregulation.
Intranasal Administration Research
Semax is one of the best-studied peptides for intranasal delivery. The olfactory pathway enables direct central nervous system access, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Pharmacokinetic studies confirm CNS uptake following intranasal administration, with BDNF changes detectable within hours of dosing.
For in vitro research use only. Not for human or veterinary use, therapeutic, or diagnostic purposes.