GHK-Cu, or glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper(II), is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide first isolated from human plasma. It was identified by Loren Pickart in the 1970s. GHK-Cu concentration in plasma is notably higher in younger individuals and declines significantly with age, a finding that has driven substantial research interest in its potential roles in tissue maintenance and repair.
Biological Activity
GHK-Cu exhibits a broad range of activity in cell culture and animal models. It upregulates collagen synthesis, stimulates fibroblast proliferation, and modulates matrix metalloproteinase activity, a balance relevant to controlled tissue remodeling. Studies have documented significant effects on wound contraction rates and epithelial coverage in standardized wound models.
Anti-inflammatory Properties
Research has documented GHK-Cu ability to suppress the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha and IL-6. Simultaneously, it appears to upregulate anti-inflammatory signaling. This bidirectional modulation of inflammatory response is one of the more studied aspects of the peptide and may explain part of its tissue-protective activity.
Skin and Dermal Research
GHK-Cu is among the most studied peptides in dermal research. Multiple peer-reviewed studies demonstrate increased collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis following topical and subcutaneous application. Skin thickness, firmness, and elasticity measurements have been primary endpoints in several human-model studies.
Neurotrophin Expression
More recent research has examined GHK-Cu effects on neurotrophin expression, particularly nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Researchers in neurological contexts have reported upregulation of these factors in relevant cell models, though this area is earlier in the research pipeline.
Reconstitution Notes
GHK-Cu is water soluble and reconstitutes readily. Standard practice is to dissolve in bacteriostatic water. The copper chelation is stable in solution, and the characteristic blue color of the solution is normal and expected.
For in vitro research use only. Not for human or veterinary use, therapeutic, or diagnostic purposes.